Computer Crime :: essays research papers

data processor annoyanceIEver since I got my starting line computer. I give up enjoyed working on them. I havelearned a tremendous amount of trouble shooting. With my recent computer I havecome across computer crime. I got interested in hacking, prhreaking, and salamislicing. But before I go to far, I need to learn more close it like theconsequences? One question in mind is what crimes are their and what kind ofthings you can do with them? I would like to find out why batch do thesisthings? I would also like to learn the justices against all computer crime?IITodays computer society has brought a new establish of crime. There are those"hackers" who break their way into computers to learn the system or getinformation. I found out in the book Computer Crime written by Judson, KarenThat "Salami Slicers" steal small amounts of money from m both bank customers thisadding up to a great deal of money. I also read nigh phone phreaks more knownas "Phreakers." They steal long distance phone services. Phreakers commit manyother crimes against phone companies.In the book Computer Crime it states, most people commit thesis crimes, becausethey where carious and wanted to explore the system. All they want to do isexploit systems not destroy it. It is stringently intellectual. I know one reasonis that is can be very rewarding. Hackers are drawn to computers for theaninymity they allow. They feel powerful and can do anything. Hackers can bethere own person out side the real world.I found out Arizona was the first state to pass a law against computer crime, in1979. In 1980 the U.S. copyright act was amended to include soft ware. I foundout that in 1986 a computer atomic number 9 abuse act was passed. This act was made tocover over any crime or computer scheme that was missed with any former laws.Violations to any of thesis laws are a maxim of five years in prison and a$250,000 fine.IIIWith my computer I can do carve up of these things but choo se not to. Because Iknow that if you know computers you can do much more like carious wise.

Essay --

Foreign scholars had many empirical studies on the cost level and monetary value scatter in the E-commerce market. They were as the follows1)In 2000, Brown and Goolsbee had discovered that the insurance price became lower and the dispersal degree varied from high to low with the gradual idol of the selling channel on the internet. Morton, etc. (2000) had studied the vehicle price and found out that the vehicle price online was lower than the price offline and the price dispersion varied from high to low. Erevelles, etc. (2001) took a research on the price of vitamin (wellness products) and discovered that the price was lower online and the price dispersion was lower than that of the traditional market. Durisin and Carimarti (2003) inspected the price of books and CDs and they came to a similar conclusion that the price of these products was lower on the internet. These scholars had taken researches on the price of books, CDs, medicine, vehicle and insurance and they observed that the utilization of internet had not only reduced the market price but also the price dispersion in E-commerce market.2)Clay, etc.(1999) had collected the prices of over 100 kinds of books in 13 online bookstall and 2 traditional bookstore and the study results revealed that even though the average price of online bookstore and traditional bookstore were basically the same, there was an obvious price dispersion among the online bookstores11. Brynjolfsson and Smith (2000) had studied the prices of books and CDs online and in the entities stores and they concluded that the price in the E-commerce marker was lower than that that of the traditional market and the price dispersion degree was higher. To push their study, Clay and Tay (2002) had made a... ...led the multi-channel retailers. Many scholars had compared and studied the price and price dispersion of Dotcoms and multi-channel retailers.Pan, etc.(2002) observed that Dotcoms prices of CD, DVD, desktop computer and laptop were lower than that of the multi-channel retailers Dotcoms prices of books and software were higher than that of the multi-channel retailers Dotcoms prices of personal organiser and electronic products were similar to that of the multi-channel retailers. Whats more, the price divergence of these eight kinds of products declined as time went on but it always existed. Pan, etc.(2002) took another research and it illustrated that Dotcoms prices of clothes and ornaments, presents, flowers, health care, beauty treatment, gardening, sports, computer hardware, electronic products and the office products were lower than that of the multi-channel retailers.

Dinner Party :: Personal Narrative Companies Business Papers

Dinner PartyI walked out into my dinning room where I had been mulling over the table all day. I wanted everything to be scarce so. I glanced at the place settings for the hundredth time, trying to decide if I should sit Alfred Zingale and Matthias Arndt next to each other. It wasnt that I was worried slightly conflicting views, actually it was quiet the contrary, and I didnt want them to be able to double team the other guests. Finally I decided that just because they have essentially the same opinions, I wouldnt separate them. In my mind they come as a unit because they had co-authored a book. The place separate had been set and I made up my mind that I would do no more rearranging. I bent over the table in my colour in sleeveless dress and lit the deep red candles that were extending upward out of the floral arrangement. The guests would be arriving soon and I began to think over the whole situation. each(prenominal) person has written a book about the dot com indust ry, how they can be successful as well as how to invest wisely in one. I was hoping to learn a lot of information so I could make a good decision on whether my company would benefit from be online. These thoughts drifted through my head until the doorbell rang. I opened the door to a short plump woman with reddish brown hair in her of late 40s was standing on my stoop. She wore a pale green dress suit, but looked quite attractive. She extended her arm, shook my hand and introduced herself as Anita Rosen. As the only woman who was attending the dinner party that night, it was a given who she was, but all the same she was quite pleasant. John Cassidy was next to arrive. He looked deal the typical guy next door type. I bet he could have been pulled straight from a magazine. He wore a blue knit sweater vest. As soon as he was in the door, the bell rang for the final time. Zingale and Arndt stood at the door. Zingale was thin with a moustache, black hair parted on th e side. Arndt wore glasses, was shorter and a great deal plumper.

Palestine and Israel Essays -- Threats to World Peace

BackgroundThe issue of Palestine and Israel is one that has been hotly contested for over a thousand years. The last 50 years guide been especially important in the history of the Jewish people and Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat on the 11th of November 2004 , and the election of Mahmoud Abbas as his successor as leader of the Palestinian Authority, significant steps have been taken towards a lasting peace. This will hopefully lead to a conclusion of the second Palestinian intifada, which began in late September 2000, and to an end of the oppression of the Palestinian people by the Israeli Defense Forces. Both Jews and Arabs have suffered heavily from the conflict, thousands of innocent civilians have died on both sides, and peace is in the interests of all.History of the ConflictThe disputed territory that has been alternately referred to as Palestine and Israel is relatively small, the total area is lonesome(prenominal) roughly 22 000 square kilometers. It is bord ered by Jordan on the East, Lebanon on the North, Egypt and the Mediterranean Ocean on the West, and shares 76 kilometers of border with Syria in the North East. The ii disputed territories that are occupied by the Israeli Army but under the autonomous control of the Palestinian Authority are the West affirm and the Gaza Strip. These two territories amount to roughly 6400 square kilometers, the West Bank makes up the majority of this area it amounts to 6000 square kilometers in the Eastern part of the country and borders the tribe of Jordan.Jews have long considered Israel to be their national home. They consider it to be a Holy Land, or a Promised Land they believe it to be their right from graven image to live in the region. The area is also considered... ... - http//www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Israel/Overview_IsraeliPalestinian_Relations/Intifada_I/Intifada2.htm Israeli Defense Force - www.idf.il The Socio-economic Impact of Settlements on Land, Water, and the Palestinian Economy - http//www.monde-diplomatique.fr/cahier/proche-orient/coloniesBBC News What is the West Bank barricade? - http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3111159.stmBooksBeitler, Ruth Margolies The Path to Mass Rebellion An analysis of two intifadasBTselem The Information Center for Human Rights in the intermeshed Territories - Information Sheet May 1993 House Demolition During Operations Against Wanted Persons.Human Rights Watch Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the Palestinian Authority Territories serial publication In a dark hour the use of civilians during IDF arrest operations

Baby Boomers Essay -- essays papers

Baby Boomers During the Great Depression and World War II many Americans delayed marrying and having children because of the poor economy. The number of marriages and births soared after the war. Many cured couples who had delayed having children began having them when the war ended. This increase in births among both younger and older American couples created the Baby Boom Generation. This large group of people born in the U.S. from 1946 to 1964 amounted to 76 million children. Those born during this beat make up approximately 36% of todays population (Deutsch). What impact has this had on the economy? realise on to see how the baby collar generation has affected the economy and what will happen as they retire.This generation has had a huge impact on the economy due to its sheer size. At first there was a crunch at hospital maternity wards. When the boomers r each(prenominal)ed school age, schools became overcrowded, forcing t avouchs to build additions. By the time they were entering senior high the cities and towns were expanding. New office buildings, hotels, apartment complexes and stores were springing up everywhere. When they reached college age, American Higher Education had to expand. Large enrollments along with inflation pushed college costs higher. When they started families of their own and became homeowners it drove real e separate prices up. As they passed through the life cycle, these shortages soon became surpluses. An example being the collapse of the real estate market in the late1980s (Sullivan). We can expect a large demand for retirement housing, elder care and finally the funeral industry as the Boomers continue their life cycle. Marketers have followed the boom generation for decades, producing items that appealed to them as children, teens and young adults. With more money in their pockets than time on their hands, todays baby boomers are dining out at an all time high. Now it is people over the age of 40 who have the resourc es to purchase big-ticket items. Today the engine that is driving our economy and our var. market is due to the lopsided demographics present right now. The coming of age of discretionary spending is allowing people to buy that SUV, boat, computer, etc that would have been put off in the past (Income). The economy is sensitive to the Boomer generations desire for a luxury lifestyle. As they look toward retiremen... ...grams for children, while a new state agency was created to represent the needs and concerns of older citizens. (Sullivan).The baby boom generation has had a profound effect on the American economy at each stage of their life starting with the demand created for goods, then filling the labor market. Now well have to wait and see if their retirement will cause the depute predicted by some or create the marketplace godsend predicted by others.BibliographyBuchner, Gail. Demographics is Not Destiny. Journal of Financial Planning. Instituteof Certified Financial Planner s 1999.Deutsche, Alex. topical Study 51. 10 Oct. 2001 www.yardenicom/topical.aspGeneration Gap to Create Jobs Turnaround. Sydney Morning Herald 4. 10 Oct. 2001http//www.ncpa.org/pd/economy/econ 10.htmlJackson, Gerard. Will the Baby Boomers Cure Unemployment?TNA News withCommentary. 9 Apr 2001.Peterson, Peter G. Gray Down How the Coming of Age Wave Will TransformAmerica and the World. 1999 189-90.Sullivan, Teresa A. Baby Boom Generation. Discovery parentage School. 2 Oct. 2001. http//www.discoveryschool.com/homework.help/worldbook/atozhistory/b/040930.html

Baby Boomers Essay -- essays papers

Baby Boomers During the Great Depression and World War II many Americans delayed marrying and having children because of the poor economy. The number of marriages and births soared after the war. Many former(a) couples who had delayed having children began having them when the war ended. This increase in births among both younger and older American couples created the Baby Boom Generation. This large group of people born in the U.S. from 1946 to 1964 amounted to 76 million children. Those born during this conviction make up approximately 36% of todays population (Deutsch). What impact has this had on the economy? find out on to see how the baby amplify generation has affected the economy and what will happen as they retire.This generation has had a huge impact on the economy due to its sheer size. At first there was a crunch at hospital maternity wards. When the boomers r to each oneed school age, schools became overcrowded, forcing t causes to build additions. By the time they were entering senior high the cities and towns were expanding. New office buildings, hotels, apartment complexes and stores were springing up everywhere. When they reached college age, American Higher Education had to expand. Large enrollments along with inflation pushed college costs higher. When they started families of their own and became homeowners it drove real e aver prices up. As they passed through the life cycle, these shortages soon became surpluses. An example being the collapse of the real estate market in the late1980s (Sullivan). We can expect a large demand for retirement housing, elder care and finally the funeral industry as the Boomers continue their life cycle. Marketers have followed the boom generation for decades, producing items that appealed to them as children, teens and young adults. With more money in their pockets than time on their hands, todays baby boomers are dining out at an all time high. Now it is people over the age of 40 who have the resou rces to purchase big-ticket items. Today the engine that is driving our economy and our crinkle market is due to the lopsided demographics present right now. The coming of age of discretionary spending is allowing people to buy that SUV, boat, computer, etc that would have been put off in the past (Income). The economy is sensitive to the Boomer generations desire for a luxury lifestyle. As they look toward retiremen... ...grams for children, while a new state agency was created to represent the needs and concerns of older citizens. (Sullivan).The baby boom generation has had a profound effect on the American economy at each stage of their life starting with the demand created for goods, then filling the labor market. Now well have to wait and see if their retirement will cause the crack of doom predicted by some or create the marketplace godsend predicted by others.BibliographyBuchner, Gail. Demographics is Not Destiny. Journal of Financial Planning. Instituteof Certified Finan cial Planners 1999.Deutsche, Alex. local Study 51. 10 Oct. 2001 www.yardenicom/topical.aspGeneration Gap to Create Jobs Turnaround. Sydney Morning Herald 4. 10 Oct. 2001http//www.ncpa.org/pd/economy/econ 10.htmlJackson, Gerard. Will the Baby Boomers Cure Unemployment?TNA News withCommentary. 9 Apr 2001.Peterson, Peter G. Gray Down How the Coming of Age Wave Will TransformAmerica and the World. 1999 189-90.Sullivan, Teresa A. Baby Boom Generation. Discovery pathway School. 2 Oct. 2001. http//www.discoveryschool.com/homework.help/worldbook/atozhistory/b/040930.html

Comparison of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking Essay

The foundation of Islamic border is based on the Islamic cartel and must stay within the limits of Islamic Law or the Shariah in all of its actions and deeds. The original meaning of the Arabic word Shariah is the carriage to the source of life and is now used to refer to legal system in keeping with the code of behaviour called for by the Holly Quran (Koran). Amongst the governing principles of an Islamic depose are * The absence of interest-based (riba) transactions* The avoidance of economic activities involving oppression (zulm)* The avoidance of economic activities involving speculation (gharar)* The introduction of an Islamic tax, zakat* The discouragement of the production of goods and services which nullify the Islamic value (haram)On the other hand, conventional banking is essentially based on the debtor-creditor relationship between the depositors and the bank on one hand, and between the borrowers and the bank on the other. Interest is considered to be the price of cr edit, reflecting the opportunity cost of money.Islamic law considers a loan to be given or taken, free of charge, to conform to any contingency. Thus in Islamic Banking, the creditor should not take advantage of the borrower. When money is lent out on the basis of interest, more often that it leads to somewhat kind of injustice. The first Islamic principle underlying for such kind of transactions is deal not unjustly, and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly 2279 which explain why commercial banking in an Islamic framework is not based on the debtor-creditor relationship.The other principle pertaining to financial transactions in Islam is that there should not be any reenforce without taking a risk. This principle is applicable to both labor and capital. As no payment is allowed for labor, unless it is applied to work, there is no reward for capital unless it is exposed to business risk.Thus, financial intermediation in an Islamic framework has been developed on the basis of the a bove-mentioned principles. Consequently financial relationships in Islam have been participatory in nature.

Changing the Scope of Practice for All Nurses

Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses October 21, 2012 Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses The Institute of c be for and the Robert woods Johnson Foundation has proposed many changes take place in the field of education for nurses to assist in the Affordable Care Act to be a exuberant success in transforming wellness occupy.They have published the report The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing health recommending that the scope of practice for tout ensemble nurses which include the registered nurse, advance practice nurse, certified nurse anesthetist, and the certified nurse midwife to be able to practice at their education and skill level through continuing competencies. Now it is up to both nurses to decide if changing the scope of practice for nurses is a good or bad idea. This paper allow for visualize how changing the scope of practice go out enable nurses to care for their patient much effectively.Nurses are going to have to step up to the pl ate, and show the whole world how important nursing is to providing health care to all people. And for the Affordable Care Act to truly change the health care organisation to better help the people and communities of the United States, the scope of practice for nurses will need to change to better get together the needs of the public. Education The Institute of medicinal drug report encourages nurses who graduate with an associate degree to continue on with their education to at least the baccalaureate level. Nurses at the baccalaureate level are past encouraged to continue on to the masters or doctorate degree.The different foundations and the federal government introducing funding opportunities and scholarships to students trying to find ways for schools and government to pass on nurses education to high schooler level to be more affordable (The Future of Nursing 2010. p. 177). It is important to stress the need to gain nurses with the fellowship to teach our future nurses . Nurses will also need to be involved in continuing education and continued competencies. Where nurses stay up to date with flowing practice and can demonstrate familiarity and skill in the practice (The Future of Nursing 2010. . 202). Also, equipping nurses with the skills and knowledge to take care of patients of today, who have more comorbidities than ever before. Equipping nurses with the knowledge and skill to not only preform the competency but understand the how and why it usages, which will be a reveal factor in transforming health care. One proposal is that Interprofessional education of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals, as well as new methods of improving and demonstrating competency passim ones career (The Future of Nursing 2010. p. 165).This will allow better communication, collaboration, and respect between everyone involved in patient care. The Institute of Medicine also discusses different ways to make nurses continuing their education more aff ordable. Primary Care The way primary care nurses deliver care to patients will change if the report by the Institute of Medicine is adopted. Most of the changes will affect the advanced practice nurses, by allowing them to practice to their full potential of knowledge and skill level. They will be able to take care of patients without having to have a physician on the premises or overseeing their work at all times.The Institute of Medicine gives an example where in Philadelphia there is a nurse managed health care center. This center is run by Nurses, Nurse Practitioners, and Social Workers. otherwise health care professionals help when needed like nutritionists, physicians, and others when needed. Places like this would be able to serve areas where there is little to no physicians available to meet the health care needs of the people who live there. Leadership By reading the report, The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing Health, it describes how important nurses are becom ing stronger leaders for the future advancement of nursing.With all the changes coming with the Affordable Care Act, this report recommends that nurses need to be playing a large impart roll in the development of policies to maintain patient centered health care, devising sure that health care is accessible to all, and is affordable. Stronger leadership skills can be developed through continued education. By nurses moving on to higher degree education, they are thus developing the leadership skills they will need to work more cohesively with others both in the health care field and out. Nurses need to be playing a role in all aspects of policy making.From on the job(p) in the hospitals and communities as advocates for patients which is defined as The nurse is demonstrating the value of other-centeredness to advance the health of an individual (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 80). Nurses will need to sit on boards both in the hospitals and in the public sector, legislating to politica l officials, and even possibly holding a political office themselves. It is going to take all nurses to make a change from nursing students to advance practice nurses, educators, and nursing organizations leadership (The Future of Nursing 2010. p. 221-251). Goals for PracticeFor the nursing scope of practice to change effectively, it will have to head start in nursing school. Nursing students will need to start aiming toward a goal of higher education. Knowing they will need to be better lively with the gained knowledge of continuing on to a baccalaureate, masters, or doctorate degree in nursing to be able to take care of the ever increase health care needs. Nurses will need to maintain their knowledge and skill level for up to date practice through competency based cultivation throughout their career. They will need to be the future leaders in and out of the nursing profession.Each nurse knowing that nursing consists of many different aspects, making sure to help in the advancem ent of all future nurses. Some nurses choose to go into the clinical field, community nursing, education, advanced practice, research, legislation, specialty associations, and many more to further nursing profession and health care. In conclusion, by changing the scope of practice for nurses, they will be able to deliver patient care that matches their knowledge and skill level. This will allow more health care professionals mainly nurses, to practice in areas that have lacked sufficient health care providers to meet the needs of the public.The public will benefit from having nurse practitioners available in rural, suburban, and urban areas where physicians are scarce. Thus the public will have access to affordable, high quality health care to all who are in need.References Creasia, J. , & Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations the Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (5th ed. , p. 80). Retrieved from http//pageburstls. elsevier. com/books/978-0-323-06869-7 The Future of Nur sing Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010). Retrieved October 13, 2012, from http//www. iom. edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health. aspx.

Culture in Kenya Essay

British Colonial rule destroyed Kenyas traditional culture. Colonialism occurs when one nation takes control of another. This is exactly what the British did to the Africans. Even though the British created a developed civilization with many aspects they brought to Kenya, they affected the Africans politically, economically, socially, and culturally. The British colonization of Kenya destroyed the culture of the native people, but it established a democratic government activity and left Kenya a more modernized country.With this being said, Kenya would not be the country it is today if it werent for the British. All done the continent of Africa, foreign business organisation and involvement has always been a main point when analyzing the historical university of the enormous continent. Many historians and scholars have researched and studied events that have occurred all through African autobiography with respect to foreign associations, particularly, imperialism and colonialism. By tradition, colonialism has been linked with a series of harsh consequences for the states that lose their freedom due to military problems and war.Colonialism has not been termed to be a ongoing incident, but somewhat a recurring happening in many nations of the world. The history of colonialism provides overpowering evidence of how handling of friendlier people to beat the stubborn people, through ancient expeditions of disagreement of basic social services to the final, laid firm fundamentals for conflict in waiting, a time bomb which exploded when the colonial management was succeeded by free government. Even though colonialism can be checked with two countries, the intention of the stubborn country is not limited.However, there is a strong relationship between the actions of the conqueror that cause the dominated severe disabilities in their social and financial structure. The involvement of the European states and mainly of Britain in the east African region, specifically Kenya, from the late nineteenth century is an example of colonialism still under theory. The role of Britain in the growth of Kenya can be analyzed to gauge the implications and impacts on the cultural, aspect of the Kenya society.

Business Ethics in Bangladesh Essay

Social responsibility requires individuals engaging in transaction endeavors to guide in an honest musical compositionner. Ethics be principles of demeanor that distinguish between indemnify and wrong. Ethical conduct conforms to what a group or society as a whole considers right manner. People engageing in championship lotstimes face good questions. Business moral philosophy is the evaluation of business motionivities and behavior as right or wrong. Ethical standards in business argon establish on popularly accepted principles of behavior established by the expectations of society, the firm, the industry, and an individuals in-person cherishs. Critic each(prenominal)y, Business Ethics can be defined as the critical, structured examination of how raft & institutions should be collapse in the world of commerce. In particular, it involves examining appropriate constraints on the pursuit of self- by-line, or (for firms) profits, when the actions of individuals or firm s affects others. (9) With unethical business designs frequently receiving publicity, the public sometimes believe that citizenry in business atomic number 18 less ethical than others in society.But ethical problems ch all(prenominal)enge all segments of our society, including government, churches, and high education. or so business leaders realize their firms cannot succeed without the trust of customers and the goodwill of society. A violation of moral philosophy throws trust and goodwill difficult to maintain. In thousands of companies, executives and employees act according to the highest ethical standards. Unfortunately managers in some firms behave unethically, and these instances are often highly publicized. Personnel executive say the major reason managers behave unethically is to obtain power and money. Business morality is a wider term that includes m whatever other sub moral philosophy that are relevant to the respective field. For ca part there is marketing et hics for marketing, ethics in HR for Human Resource Department and the alike(p). Business ethics itself is a part of applied ethics the latter takes care of ethical questions in the technical, accessible, legal and business ethics.Origin of Business EthicsWhen we trace the origin of business ethics we start with a period where profit maximization was seen as the only purpose of existence for a business. There was no consideration whatsoever for non- sparing values, beit the people who worked with organizations or the society that allowed the business to flourish. It was only in late 1980s and 1990s that both intelligentsia and the academics as well as the corporate began to show interest in the same. Nowadays almost all organizations lay due emphasis on their responsibilities towards the society and the nature and they call it by antithetic names like corporate social responsibility, corporate governance or social responsibility charter.Primary and Important Sources of Business e thicsEthics in general refers to a system of good and bad, moral and immoral, elegant and unfair. It is a code of conduct that is supposed to align behaviors within an organization and the social framework. But the question that carcass is, where and when did business ethics come into being? Primarily ethics in business is affected by the following sources family, religion, culture, legal system, codes of conduct, and personal experience. It is for this reason we do not have uniform or completely similar standards across the globe. These factors exert influences to varying spirit levels on humans which ultimately get reflected in the ethics of the organization. For example, ethics followed by Grameen Phone Ltd. are different from those followed by Square Group or Unilever for that matter. Again ethical procedures vary across geographic boundaries.FamilyA persons values is the source of their ethics, and it is their philosophy, spiritual or religious beliefs that usually help mol d and shape those values, but most of all it is how a person is raised by his family that sets the foundation for his ethics in later life. Its the basic source of business ethics. holinessIt is one of the oldest foundations of ethical standards. Religion wields varying influences across various sects of people. It is believed that ethics is a manifestation of the divine and so it draws a line between the good and the bad in the society. Depending upon the degree of religious influence we have different sects of people we have sects, those who arereferred to as orthodox or fundamentalists and those who are called as moderates. Needless to mention, religion exerts itself to a greater degree among the orthodox and to lesser extent in case of moderates. Fundamentally however all the religions operate on the principle of reciprocity towards ones lad beingsCultureCulture is a pattern of behaviors and values that are transferred from one generation to another, those that are considered a s ideal or within the acceptable limits. No wonder therefore that it is the culture that predominantly determines what is wrong and what is right. It is the culture that defines certain behavior as acceptable and others as unacceptable. Human civilization is fact has passed by dint of various cultures, wherein the moral code was redrafted depending upon the epoch that was. What was immortal or unacceptable in certain culture became acceptable later on and vice versa. During the first years of human development where ones who were the strongest were the ones who survived Violence, hostility and ferocity were thus the acceptable. Approximately 10,000 year ago when human civilization entered the settlement phase, hard work, patience and repose were seen as virtues and the earlier ones were considered otherwise. These values are still in practice by the managers of today. Still further, when human civilization witnessed the industrial revolution, the ethics of agrarian sparing was r eplaced by the law pertaining to technology, property rights etc. Ever since a tussle has ensued between the values of the agrarian and the industrial economyLaws or Legal placement of a CountryLaws are procedures and code of conduct that are laid down by the legal system of the state. They are meant to guide human behavior within the social fabric. The major problem with the law is that all the ethical expectations cannot be covered by the law and specially with ever changing outermost environment the law and specially with ever changing outer environment the law contains on changing but often fails to keep mistreat. In business, complying with the hulk of law is taken as ethical behavior, but organizations often break laws by evading taxes, compromising on quality,service norms etc.Business Codes of ConductA business code of ethics is a series of established principles an organization uses when operating in business or society. Organizations often develop these codes to ensur e that all individuals working in the company operate according to the same standards. Most individuals have an internal code of ethics or moral principles they follow in life. A situation one individual finds ethically reprehensible whitethorn not seem so to another individual. Using a code of ethics in business attempts to create a basic understanding of acceptable ethical behavior to be used when handling situations involving the company, government agencies and the general public. other(prenominal) ExperienceIf an individual is yielded or is not punished for behaving unethically, the behavior will probably be repeated. This type of experience encourages other to do unethical things in next. Likewise the threat of punishment and the lack of reward for unethical activities encourage that particular person and all others to behave ethically.Factors Influencing Ethical BehaviorTo encourage ethical behavior, executives, managers, and owners of firms must understand what influences behavior in the first place. The several factors that affect individuals behavior in business the business environment, organizational factors, and an individuals personal moral philosophy.The Business EnvironmentAlmost daily, business managers face ethical dilemmas resulting from the pressure of the business environment. They are challenged to meet sales quotas, cut costs, increase efficiency, or overtake competitors. Managers and employees whitethorn sometimes think the only way to survive in the competitive world of business is by deception or cheating. In some instances, an organization may use someone elses successful work without the permission of the owner or originator. Conflict of interest is another common ethical problem stemming from the business environment. Often an individual has achance to further selfish interests rather than the interests of the organization or society. To gain favor with people who make purchasing decisions for their companies, a seller may offer special favors or gifts, ranging from a metal to clothing to trips.Some offer cash-a kickback-for putting by a contract or placing targets with a company. Others offer bribes. Such illegal conduct will damage the organization in the wide run. In order to limit unethical behavior, business firms must begin by expecting their employees to obey all laws and regulations. The international business environment presents further ethical dilemmas. Business people and government officials in different countries and cultures often operate according to different ethical standards.The OrganizationThe organization itself also influences ethical behavior. Individuals often learn ethical or unethical behaviors by interacting with others in the organization. An employee who sees a superior or co-worker behaving unethically may follow suit. An organization can also use rewards to influence the behavior of its members. If an individual is rewarded or is not punished for behaving unethically, the b ehavior will probably be repeated. Likewise the threat of punishment and the lack of reward for unethical activities encourage ethical behavior. The severity of punishment also sends a message to other individuals who might be considering similar activities.The Individual ValuesA persons own moral philosophy also influences his or her ethical behavior. A moral philosophy is the set of principles that dictate acceptable behavior. These principles are learned from family, friends, co-workers, and other social groups and through formal education. In developing a moral philosophy, individuals can follow two approaches The Humanistic Philosophy focuses on individual rights and values. Individuals and organizations adopting this philosophy would honor their moral duties to customers and workers. Individuals and organizations following the Utilitarian Philosophy seek the greatest good for the largest number of people.Importance of Business EthicsMost of us would agree that it is ethics in practice that makes sense just having it carefully drafted and redrafted in books may not serve the purpose. Of course all of us want to be fair, clean and beneficial to the society. For that to happen, organizations need to abide by ethics or rule of law, engage themselves in fair practices and competition all of which will benefit the consumer, the society and organization. Primarily it is the individual, the consumer, the employee or the human social unit of the society who benefits from ethics. In addition ethics is important because of the following1. fit Basic Human Needs Being fair, honest and ethical is one of the basic human needs.Every employee desires to be such himself and to work for an organization that is fair and ethical in its practices. 2. Creating Credibility An organization that is believed to be driven by moral values is respected in the society eve by those who may have no information active the working and businesses of that organization. British American T obacco, for example is perceived as an organization for good corporate governance and social responsibility initiatives. This perception is held far and wide even by those who do not even know what business the organization is into.3. Uniting People and preeminent An organization driven by values is revered by its employees also. They are the common thread that brings the employees and the decision makers on a common platform. This goes a long way in aligning behaviors within the organization towards achievement of one common goal or mission.4. Improving Decision Making A mans destiny is the sum totals of all the decisions that he/she takes in course of his life. The same holds true for organizations. Decisions are driven by values. For example, an organization that does not value competition will be fierce in its operations aiming to wipe out its competitors and establish a monopoly in the market.5. Long Term gains Organizations guided by ethics and values are profitable in the l ong run, though in the short run they may seem to lose money. For Example, Tata group, one of the largest business conglomerates in India wasseen on the verge of decline at the beginning of 1990s, which soon turned out to be otherwise. The same companys Tata NANO car was predicted as a failure, and failed to do well but the same is picking up fast now.6. Securing the Society Often ethics succeeds law in safeguarding the society. The law machinery is often found acting as a mute spectator, unable to save the society and the environment. Technology, for example is growing at such a fast pace that the by the time law comes up with a regulation we have a newer technology with new threats replacing the older one. Lawyers and public interest litigations may not help a great deal but ethics can.Business Ethics- Practice in BangladeshIn Bangladesh, though practice of Business ethics is still not so commendable in public sector and small companies, but business ethics has been an increasing concern among larger companies, at least since the 1990s. Major corporations increasingly fear the damage to their image associated with press revelations of unethical practices. The following information about the functions relating ethics and social responsibility of 2 reputed companies of our country will thrust a brief idea about the practice of Business Ethics in Bangladesh.ACI limitAdvanced Chemical Industries (ACI) Limited is one of the leading conglomerates in Bangladesh, with a multinational heritage. They have a mission to achieve business excellence through quality by understanding, accepting, meet and exceeding customer expectations. They follow International Standards on Quality Management System to ensure consistent quality of products and services to achieve customer satisfaction. They are focusing on improving the food habit of consumers through providing more ready to cook products and ready to eat as well. Their visions are to establish symmetrical relationship with the community and promote greater environmental responsibility within its sphere of influence. Their Values are Quality, Customer Focus, Fairness, Transparency, Continuous Improvement, and Innovation.Ethical ApproachesSocietal development through Educational Programs ACIs guiding principle in all its operations is to be a responsible corporate citizen. Thus Social responsibleness is a top priority for every individual at ACI. Their Initiatives and significant contribution to societal development is Continued Medical Education (CME) for medical professionals and Childrens Education Programs. ACI has also undertaken an English Education program in Faridpur, one of the remotest districts of Bangladesh. This provides support to teach English Language to school going children. Doctors in Bangladesh who are not living in the metropolitan cities have very limited access to the Internet or any other sources of information. In order to keep them updated on the developments in the medi cal practices regularly, the CME program has been proven highly effective. ACI believes that by promoting education of children, they are contributing to societal development by shaping the minds of their future leaders.Environment Friendly Practices ACI has undertaken extensive programs to educate crop farmers all over rural Bangladesh in Good Agricultural Practices. They have a team of verdant experts working at the field level all across the country, holding a range of technical trainings and field demonstrations. ACI also has similar education programs for creature and poultry farmers. These include, Technical trainings on diverse aspects of farming, and on application of new technologies, Farmers group meeting for sharing of learning and experience, Free visits to farms by veterinarians, to identify problems and give advices to individual farmers. Most importantly, making the farmers aware of ways to protect the environment from hazardous uses of chemicals on their farms, all owing them the opportunity for informed decision-making. ACI hopes to continue to play a leading role in promoting greater environmental responsibility among farmers in Bangladesh.Unethical ApproachesACI Company produces some products which do not work properly, like ACI Aerosol. It is mainly produced for sidesplitting mosquitoes, but thats not true. Most of the mosquitoes go away for sometimes but not killed. Sometimes someproducts like ACI Atta, ACI Maida, etc contains 1975 grams instead of 2000 grams but they arrest their prices for 2kg of the products. These are unethical for their marketing practices.Unilever Bangladesh LimitedOver the last four decades, Unilever Bangladesh has been constantly bringing new and world class products for the Bangladeshi people to subscribe the daily drudgery of life. Over 90% of the countrys households use one or more of Unilever products. They aim to give everybody a little something to keep an eye on about themselves every day. They believe that to succeed in business, it is essential to maintain the highest standards of corporate behavior towards everyone they work with, the communities they touch, and the environment on which they have an impact.Ethical Approaches utile Code of business principles Their code of business principles describes the operational standards that everyone at Unilever follows, wherever they are in the world. It also supports their approach to governance and corporate responsibility. Code of business principles are- Standard of conduct, Obey the law, employees, consumers, shareholders, business partners, community involvement, public activities, the environment, innovation, competition, business integrity, conflict of interest, compliance, reporting, monitor. Women Development and Women Empowerment Unilever strongly believes in the importance of empowering women in Bangladesh, because the progress of any society will be constrained if a significant part of its population is neglected and exclud ed from the benefits of development.They believe, with economic and educational empowerment, women can become more free-spoken about their rights and become stronger in withstanding repression in any form. So they have established Fair & Lovely Foundation. The mission of this foundation is to encourage economic empowerment of Bangladeshi women through information and resources in the areas of Education, Career and Enterprise. It is this realization that has brought about the Fair & Lovely Foundation Scholarship Program. Under this scholarship scheme, women who have passed their HSC each receives a Taka 25,000 scholarship to support her tertiary level education.Unethical ApproachesUnilever produces Fair & lovely fairness cream, lotion, etc and they claim that skin color will be white after using this product. But that it is not true. There are no scientific values about whiteness. This is totally unethical performance in marketing activities of this company.Comparative Customer Eval uation on Ethical Performances of 3 Reputed Companies of BangladeshFigure Customer Response on Maintenance of Ethical Procedure by the Companies (1)Figure Customer Response on Deceptive Practices Used by the Companies (1)Figure Customer Response on Significant Contribution toward Ethical market (1)Figure Customer Response on Satisfaction through Using Products of the Companies (1)Figure Customer Response on Changing of Defective Products by the Companies (1) bribery & Nepotism- A Curse against Ethical PracticeCorruption is a very strong example of unethical behavior and it is still prevailing in different business sectors of our country in the form of Bribery and Nepotism. Nepotism is the way in which someone approaches and compels a person of power and authority to take necessary move to get his work done by capitalizing kinship, friendship or political lobbying. Bribery means offering gifts, money etc. to get a work done in unethical way. Often public officers are infamous ly alleged for taking bribes to award public contracts using their power. Bribery and Nepotism also exist in the corporate world, which is very harmful for ethical practices and creates hindrances in building proper and ethical business environment.Managing or Encouraging Ethical BehaviorManaging the financial operations of a company can be a complex effort. Companies need to balance their desire to grow with the realities of maintaining their financial relationships, satisfying their investors and making a profit. regimen Regulations The government can do so by legislating more stringent regulations. But, rules require enforcement and when in many cases there is evidence of lack of enforcement even the ethical business person will tend to slip something by without getting caught. Increased regulation may help, but it surely cannot solve the finished business ethics problems. Trade Associations Setting Guidelines Trade associations can and often do provide ethical guidelines for t heir members. These organizations within particular industries are in an splendiferous position to exert pressures on members that stoop to questionable business practices.Companies Providing Code of Ethics Employees can more easily determine and adopt acceptable behavior when companies provide them with a code of ethics. Such codes are perhaps the most effective way to encourage ethical behavior. A code of ethics is a create verbally guide to acceptable and ethical behavior that outlines uniform policies, standards and punishments for violations. Because employees know what is expected of them and what will happen if they violate the rules, a code of ethics goes a long way towards encouraging ethical behavior. However, codes cannot possibly cover every situation. Companies must also create an environment in which employees recognize the importance of complying with the written code. Managers must provide direction by fostering communication, actively modeling and encouraging ethi cal decision making, apart from investing in training employees to make ethical decisions.Whistle Blowing Technique Sometimes, even employees who want to act ethically may find it difficult to do so. Unethical practices can become deep-rooted in an organization. Employees with high personal ethics may then take a controversial step called whistle blowing. Whistle blowing is informing the press or government officials about unethical practices in an organization. Whistle blowing could have averted disaster and preventedneedless deaths in the Challenger space shuttle disaster, for example. How could employees have known about life-threatening problems and let them pass? Whistle blowing on the other hand, can have serious repercussions for employees those who make waves sometimes lose their jobs.ConclusionThe main intent of business is to serve people with their every need for the well-being of human being and to ensure that, there is no alternative of following business ethics. Sinc e the practice of business ethics in our country is still not ubiquitous, we are not getting the proper environment for the business, and thus often we are confront some crisis situation and it is hampering our total economic development. Our policy makers and the top executives of the organizations should give more concern in making ethical policies and take proper steps to encourage business executives and service holders to follow them.References1) Ethics In Marketing On Bangladesh Perspective Study on Few Companies of Bangladesh- collected from World daybook of Management Volume 2. Number 2. September 2010, the direct link- http//wbiaus.org/10.%20Tajmeela-FINAL.pdf2) Business for the 21st Century- Skinner & Ivancevich3) An Integrated Approach to Business Studies (4th edition)- Bruce R Jewell4) Business Studies (4th edition)- Dave Hall-Rob Jones-Carlo Raffo- Alain Anderton5) www.managementstudyguide.com6) www.smallbusiness.chron.com7) www.cwafford.conveycontent.com8) www.sagepu b.com/upm-data/10923_Chapter1.pdf9) www.businessethics.ca/definitions/business-ethics.html

Advantage and Disadvantage About Internet

Nowadays, nobody is unfamiliar with the internet. Considering the past hundred years, many people believe has been the superior invention. Some people feel strongly that it is necessary for their lives. However, it is important to look at both sides of the discussion. First of all, many people like to use the internet. Especially, those who involve to have an easy life. For example, people can buy services or products via online shopping.This is convenient for those who do non have time to go shopping. Moreover, the internet is capable for distance education. This is convenient for people who do not have time to go to university or college, so they are able to learn from anywhere at any time they want. Furthermore, the internet can be a tool to connect people in the world. People can keep in wind with their families and friends when they live far from each other.For these reasons, many people feel the internet is essential. On the other hand, many people are easily addicted to t he internet. Particularly, teenagers who whop a social network sites, they often spend a lot of time accessing such sites, for example, Facebook, Skype and Twitter. This is one reason why many teenagers do not communicate with their parents. In addition, a lot of people have lost their life style. They do not need to talk each other introduce to face.They prefer to contact their friends and colleagues by sending messages or posting comments on the social media about what they want or what they did. Finally, it is easy for someone to steal your information. For instance, your jargon account number, username and password and mobile number, then they use your details to buy something or do bank transactions. To sum up, the internes is like a double-edged sword, you essential be careful and learn how to use the internet. Besides, you should avoid some websites if you are not sure they are safe.

Regrets Case Essay

I regret not doing a lot of things in life like telling that bully in the third grade that I was not afraid of him or telling a teacher that I re every(prenominal)y appreciated all she had done for me. The one regret that I have that has really changed where I am in my life when I messed up an opportunity that I was given to be a third key manager at a high end retail establishment abruptly after graduating from high school.I did not get the position because I failed a urine screening for medicines. I had smoked a little stinker (three puffs to be exact) a few days prior to my interview in celebration of this opportunity as my friends and I hung out and partied. I had no root at the time that a little pleasurable puff of paradise (39) from this marijuana cigarette would end the most promising career opportunity that I may ever have had. After gradating from high school, I was on top of the world and loving life. My life was like a box of chocolates (25), serious of delicious and hidden opportunities. I landed an interview for an amiable administrators (57) position and everything went well during the interview. I was offered the job upon condition of a passed drug urine screening. Drug urine screening?(12). Say what? I had never had one of those before, probably because I had never had a job worthy decent of expelling urine for someone to analyze. Not only was I highly unprepared for this condition of my employment, but I was actually surprisingly very legitimate that I was going to pass the screening despite the fact that I had smoked some marijuana three days earlier (58). At the time, I was unaware of how long drug traces remained in my system, so I thought I would be good to go, but deep down, something did not feel preferably right. Another part of me told me that I was going to lose this once in a lifetime opportunity (55) due to a stupid choice that I made one night to party and get high with my friend Andy (69). Why didnt I just say no, as all t he commercials and billboards had been branch line me to do for years (24)? There is only one logical reason, and that is because I was stupid. No, that is not a logical reason that is a lame excuse. I did it because I was selfish (17). I was more worried about my image at the time than my own future (19). Selfishselfishselfish (47). And stupid. Losing the job that I had wanted so badly and that could have made a real difference in my life was highly disturbing. I disappointed myself in the slash way. I ended up working several mediocre jobs after that. However, as the old saying goes, when life gives you lemons, make lemonade (51). So, I made lemonade all the way to college. Here I can advance my pool of job opportunities (20) and with the pool of knowledge that I already posses from previous mistakes, I will be able to do more than make lemonade. I can make a better career for myself and can become a better person.

One Today- Poem Analysis Essay

Richard Blanco is a Cuban- American poet who was devoted the oppurunity to write an inaugaration poetry for Barack Obamas second swearing-in. He wrote a verse form titled One immediately that praised the good and unique things about the United States and withal the everyday people whos daily routines succor to make America the proud country that it is. Blanco uses several rhetorical devices throughout One Today, to a greater extent so in the first few stanzas.An example of figurative language he utilize was the repeating of certain words or similar words in order to create a operate within the poem. My face, your face, millions of faces in mornings mirrors is a line in the poem that best represents this. Blanco also uses personification to give a better description of the beauty that he is describing, such as clean blush of dusk. Another use of figurative language found in stanza four is the repeating of the word pass which he uses to represent the many hard- carrying han ds of America and the things they do to contribute to the eudaemonia of the country.The word choice in the poem is a big part of what I think ties the alone poem together, and creates a theme that carries through each stanza. As you read the poem you will hear the excessive use of the word one which is most often featured at the beginning of a stanza and followed by something that connects everyone in the country together. An example of this is the first line in the fourth stanza of the poem, which reads One ground. Our ground, root us to every stalk of corn, every head of wheat sown by sweat and hands . Another example is the use of words that represent movement.Rose, charging, crescendoing, teeming, launching, jetting are all words used throughout the poem that outline the daily movement that occurs in the lives of American citizens. In the sixth stanza of the poem Blanco gives examples of the many different ways that you may hear U. S residents say hello. I think that he did th is to represent the many different cultures that make up the population of the United States, and the vast amount of languages that they speak.I think the tone and voice that this poem has is that of pride and patriotism. The author does this by outlining the good qualities that the United States has to offer. barely he does this is in such away that it does not sound like bragging, because he does not show about all of the beauty or things that America is known for but rather the people who work to make it this way and how these things bring them together. One Today is of course written in a orb manner because of the occasion that that it was written for.That is why it does not contain any humour, abbreveations or informal language. I think that the voice that the author used in this poem fit the occasion perfectly because it was not bad(p) forward, easily ensureable and relatable to any American citizen. The sentence structure of this poem is unlike a cover of poems that you might see where the lines are of equal length and contain the same amount of sylables. Rather than victorious that approach, Blancos poem contained senteneces, and lines that were all of different length.For example, in the second stanza blanco included two very extensive lines that included dashes and commas because he was creating a list. Some of the very short lines feautured throughout the poem occur beacause the sentence was too long to fit into the line before and was continued in the following(a) line. After I applied all of these craft techniques to the poem One Today it helped me to better understand why the author wrote it the way that he did.

Do It Yourself Medical Tests: The Real Story Essay

In the past decade or so, the advancement of technology has willed in the boom of gadgets such as cellular phones, handheld computers, flat screen television sets and the like. However, this progression is non only evident in entertainment and information devices. In fact, these vast technological developments have in addition make an impact in the field of medicine and healthc atomic number 18. Through the years, the unveiling and do of highly sophisticate equipment has significantly improved the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as cancer.Most of the quantify, recompenses but have to pass judgment their patients and make them undergo a series of machine-based mental examings to further diagnose the disease or complications. However, more(prenominal) than hospital-based technology, the introduction devices or kits have made it possible for patients to undergo medical examinations in the convenience of their own homes. Before, a woman who suspects that she is p regnant had to visit her physician, wear him a water sample and wait for days for the results of the maternal quality tribulations. Possibly, the only test that could be done at home back then was checking your temperature using a thermometer.Now, however, simple tests like pregnancy tests and wrinkle sugar tests for diabetes can be bought over the counter, which means that patients no longer have to see their unsex often just to undergo these tests. According to the Detroit medical midways online article, Do-It-Yourself Medical Testing Makes Inroads, other do-it-yourself test kits that have been made open for the past years include tests for hepatitis, cholesterin, colon cancer, urinary tract infections and HIV.Impact and Cost of Do-It-yourself Kits ground on the Detroit Medical Centers journal, do-it-yourself medical test kits have made a significant impact on patients lives, in particular, the amount of epoch they spend visiting their doctors and the length of handiness of the test results. For example, in the past, diabetic patients had to check whether or not there was sugar in their urine to monitor their birth glucose. However, the introduction of testing strips and blood glucose meters, which were usually strapped to a patients wrist, made that procedure archaic and provided greater convenience to diabetic patients.The patients can actually measure the changes in their blood sugar without checking their urine and adjust their food intake and medication according to the results of the blood glucose meter. Moreover, based on the article, these meters can monitor blood glucose levels up to six times an hour, decreasing the need to use sensitive finger pricks, which is one reason why patients hesitate to undergo the test before. In addition, the development of better lancets and improved meters used for pricking require less(prenominal) of the patients blood. Another home test kit that is currently available and commonly used at home is the ch olesterin monitor tests. duration this test does not provide an amount of all the cholesterol fractions such as the good cholesterol and the hard cholesterol, it gives a patient a fairly simple overview of his or her cholesterol count. Similarly, home-test kits such as tests for ovulation, fecal occult blood, colon cancer, hepatitis, urinary tract infections, HIV as well as blood pressure monitoring machines, have provided patients with the convenience of canvas themselves at home. However, while the do-it-yourself home test kit is a significant addition to society, it also comes with a high price.Based on Walton Crockers article, Dos and Donts for Do-It-Yourself Home Medical Testing, which was published in the Associated Contents website, home medical test kits like cholesterol tests, prostate cancer tests, drug tests, HIV tests, hepatitis C tests, test for blood in the stool, and home monitoring machines, such as blood pressure monitoring machines, have a combined cost of more or less $6. 2 billion a year. Moreover, home blood glucose monitoring alone costs about $5. 7 billion a year. The overlord blood glucose monitoring machine was enormous in size and had to be strapped to a persons back.Now, in contrast, this machine is only the size of a key chain. In comparison, a patient spends about $75 to $150 dollars on a regular visit to his or her doctor. However, more often than not, a consultation with the doctor regarding a definite disease also includes a large amount of time spent and possible inconveniences as compared to using home test kits which similarly provide diagnosis of a disease. Furthermore, do-it-yourself genetic testing kits have also been developed. Patients use the kits to scrape cells from the inside cheeks and send it for testing. The results are released through e-mail.Risks and Issues of Do-It-Yourself Tests While modern society has warmly welcomed these vast developments in health and diagnosing certain diseases, there have been a lot of questions regarding their accuracy and reliability. For example, the results of the home testing for blood cholesterol levels only gives patients the over-all amount of cholesterol and not the exact breakdown. According to the Detroit Medical Center, tests cholesterol levels should at to the lowest degree include High Density Lipoprotein, the good cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein, the bad cholesterol.Usually, the area of caution in this test is the exact amount of bad cholesterol as it more or less determines how unhealthy a patient is and what dietary adjustments a patient should make to control his or her cholesterol levels. Do-it-yourself genetic testing also has study flaws especially in the validation of results. Based on a report cited by Dr. Andrew Weil in his website, a congressional investigation found out that certain firms who are selling home genetic testing kits were produced clinically invalid results.These results, if not checked, can contain to fals e assumptions of a patient regarding his or her suspected disease. For example, a false positive result of a home genetic test which shows that a woman has a genetic mutation that can melt to breast cancer can make her feel overly worried even though she the results are not factual. On the other hand, a false negative home genetic test result whitethorn cause a patient to ignore a potential disease he or she has contracted since he or she believed the test results which are, in fact, invalid.However, despite these issues and controversies however, both the demand and popularity of home test kits are significantly growing. One reason for this popularity, according to Walton Crockers article, is that these home test kits provide covert for patients with possible diseases. People who suspect that they have illnesses or diseases, such as Hepatitis and HIV, would rather want to realize their suspicions at home through the use of do-it-yourself test kits than go to a doctor and jeopar dy other people finding out about their possible disease.The greater convenience and the less time spent are also major factors that contribute to the popularity of home test kits. Furthermore, while doctors and health like professionals are pleased that the diagnosis of certain diseases can be done at home, a major cause of concern is that some patients do not consult a doctor even if they portray symptoms of a particular disease mainly because they tested negative in the home test kit.The Detroit Medical Center also raised another concern that patients who use home testing kits think of themselves more as consumers than patients as they can purchase these kits from pharmacies and other drug companies. This basically defeats the primary role of the doctor which is to evaluate a patients health precedent, diagnose his or her possible diseases, and prescribe a treatment that would eventually cure him or her.Moreover, some companies, especially those accessible online, claim that t hey are licenced by the government to operate but they are really not. Basically, all the issues, inaccuracies, and flaws of do-it-yourself kits suggest that patients who use them dont always get the whole story regarding their health condition. The results that patients obtain from these kits are merely bits and pieces of the possible disease or condition that they may have.Doctors still know bestGenerally, despite the accessibility of the home testing kits and the convenience that they provide, it is best to consult a doctor first before reservation conclusions regarding a disease. A patient may test negative for a certain home test kit but the symptoms he or she exhibits may prove otherwise only if he or she consults a doctor, who is the best person to evaluate your health condition. The results of a cholesterol do-it-yourself kit may provide a patient with the amount of cholesterol in his or her body, but it does not set up which type of cholesterol he or she has in excess.Th e patient may have more of the bad cholesterol than the good cholesterol or vice versa, but he or she will neer know unless his or her blood is tested in an actual laboratory. Although do-it-yourself kits can give patients an belief about the status of their health, according to the Detroit Medical Center, the tests done on an actual laboratory with certified and experienced professionals is still the best, safest, and most accurate way to diagnose any disease or medical condition.In his article, Walton Crocker suggests that before buying any home test kit, it is best to first consult a doctor to first assess the accuracy and reliability of the home test kit and also evaluate the condition of the patient. Furthermore, patients should also inform a pharmacist of the medications they are taking as some medications can give false negative or false positive results in home test kits.

Limitation Of The Study Guide Essay

Identifying limit points, and explaining how important they be There are many possible limitations that your search may have faced. However, is non necessary for you to discuss all of these limitations in your Research Limitations section. After all, you are not writing a 2000 word critical review of the limitations of your language, nevertheless a 200-500 word critique that is only one section long (i.e., the Research Limitationssection within your Conclusions chapter). Therefore, in this first announcing bowel movement, we would recommend that you identify only those limitations that had the grea discharge potential impact on (a) the quality of your findings and (b) your faculty to effectively answer your look questions and/or hypotheses. We use the word potential impact because we a good deal do not know the degree to which different factors limited our findings or our ability to effectively answer our inquiry questions and/or hypotheses.For example, we know that when a dopting a quantitative look into tendency, a failure to use a opportunity sampling technique significantly limits our ability to make broader generalisations from our results (i.e., our ability to make statistical inferences from our sample to the world being studied). However, the degree to which this reduces the quality of our findings is a matter of debate. Also, whilst the neediness of a luck sampling technique when using a quantitative research design is a very obvious example of a research limitation, other limitations are far less clear. Therefore, the key point is to focus on those limitations that you disembodied spirit had the greatest impact on your findings, as wholesome as your ability to effectively answer your research questions and/or hypotheses. Overall, the announcing move should be around 10-20% of the total word appear of the Research Limitations section.THE REFLECTING driveExplaining the constitution of the limitations and justifying the choices you d o Having identified the most important limitations to your dissertation in the announcing move, the reflecting move focuses on explaining the nature of these limitations and justifying the choices that you made during the research figure out. This part should be around 60-70% of the total word count of the Research Limitations section. It is important to recall at this stage that all research suffers from limitations, whether it is performed byundergraduate and masters level dissertation students, or seasoned academics. Acknowledging such limitations should not be viewed as a weakness, highlighting to the person mug your work the reasons why you should receive a lower grade. Instead, the reader is more likely to accept that you earn the limitations of your own research if you write a high quality reflecting move. This is because explaining the limitations of your research and justifying the choices you made during the dissertation process demonstrates the command that you had ov er your research.We talk about explaining the nature of the limitations in your dissertation because such limitations are exceedingly research specific. Lets take the example of potential limitations to your sampling strategy. Whilst you may have a number of potential limitations in sampling strategy, lets focus on the omit of probability sampling that is, of all the different types of sampling technique that you could have used see Types of probability sampling and Types of non-probability sampling, you take not to use a probability sampling technique (e.g., simple hit-or-miss sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling). As mentioned, if you used a quantitative research design in your dissertation, the lack of probability sampling is an important, obvious limitation to your research.This is because it pr stock-stillts you from making generalisations about the population you are studying (e.g. Facebook exercising at a single university of 20,000 students) f rom the data you have collected (e.g., a survey of 400 students at the same university). Since an important component of quantitative research is such generalisation, this is a clear limitation. However, the lack of a probability sampling technique is not viewed as a limitation if you used a soft research design. In qualitative research designs, a non-probability sampling technique is typically selected over a probability sampling technique. And this is just part of the puzzle?Even if you used a quantitative research design, but failed to employ a probability sampling technique, there are still many utterly justifiable reasons why you could have made such a choice. For example, it may have been impossible (or approximately on impossible) to get a list of the population you were studying (e.g., a list of all the 20,000 students at the single university you were interested in). Since probability sampling is only possible when wehave such a list, the lack of such a list or inability to attain such a list is a perfectly justifiable reason for not using a probability sampling technique even if such a technique is the ideal.As such, the purpose of all the guides we have written on research limitations is to help you (a) explain the nature of the limitations in your dissertation and (b) justify the choices you made. In helping you to justifying the choices that you made, these articles explain not only when something is, in theory, an obvious limitation, but how, in practice, such a limitation was not needs so damaging to the quality of your dissertation. This should significantly strengthen the quality of your Research Limitations section.THE FORWARD LOOKING MOVESuggesting how such limitations could be overcome in futureFinally, the forward looking move builds on the reflecting move by suggesting how the limitations you have discuss could be overcome through future research. Whilst a lot could be written in this part of the Research Limitations section, we would recommend that it is only around 10-20% of the total word count for this section.LimitationsLimitations of a dissertation are potential weaknesses in your study that are mostly out of your control, give limited funding, choice of research design, statistical model constraints, or other factors. In addition, a limitation is a restriction on your study that cannot be reasonably dismissed and can affect your design and results. Do not worry about limitations because limitations affect virtually all research projects, as well as most things in life. Even when you are going to your favorite restaurant, you are limited by the menu choices. If you went to a restaurant that had a menu that you were craving, you might not receive the service, price, or place that makes you enjoy your favorite restaurant. If you studied participants responses to a survey, you might be limited in your abilities to gain the fine type or geographic scope of participants you wanted. The people whom you manage d to get to take your survey may not truly be a random sample, which is also a limitation. If you used a common test for data findings, your results are limited by the reliability of the test.If your study was limited to a certain get of time, your results are affected by the operations of society during that time period (e.g., economy, social trends). It is important for you to recover that limitations of a dissertation are often not something that can be solved by the researcher. Also, imagine that whatever limits you also limits other researchers, whether they are the largest medical research companies or consumer habits corporations. Certain kinds of limitations are often associated with the analytical approach you take in your research, too. For example, some qualitative methods like heuristics or phenomenology do not lend themselves well to replicability. Also, most of the commonly used quantitative statistical models can only get back correlation, but not causation.

Food Security in the Modern World: changing market policies to address hunger

The right to victuals is protected under international human rights and humanitarian law. It is recognized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). As defined by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Committee on ESCR) in its General stimulus 12 the right to adequate food is realized when every man, woman and child, alone and in friendship with others, has physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or agency for its procurement (General Comment 12, 1999, paragraph 6).Israel produces 95% of its own food requirements, and has many advanced means of agriculture, which results in low poverty rates in the state. Diverse bucolic techniques argon used for food production, and in irrigation alone there be four different methods. Farmers use technology to help them with livestock creating jacket quality produce, and small communities called Kibbutz help the Gross Domes tic Product (GDP) and raised amount in exports.There are multiple research facilities that help with agriculture techniques, such as the clownish Research Organization (ARO), whose origin is to help the cookery of the Israeli agriculture by an efficient use of the limited water resources, development of crops for export markets, ensuring a decent income for the farming community, developing and adapting crops and technologies for newly settled regions without polluting the environment. Israel has also been sharing its agricultural expertise with many of countries since the late 1950s.MASHAV, the Center for International Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is active in Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, east Europe and Latin America as well as several Middle Eastern countries. Agricultural projects and research collaboration constitute about half of Israels international cooperation programs. Emphasis is placed on training courses in agricultural subjects, with s ome 1,400 participants from over 80 countries attending specialized courses in Israel every year, and thousands of trainees receiving on-the-scene(prenominal) training in their own countries.Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British royal PoliciesSince 1958, thousands of Israeli agricultural experts have been sent abroad on long- and short-term assignments in countries such as Kenya, South Africa, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukrain and Haiti. Hunger world-wide has had a high of 925 one million million million in 2010 and had dropped by 10%. But with the new rising food prices, the number of malnourished is growing once again pushing 68 million mountain under the World Banks extreme poverty line. This is defined as soulfulness animation on $1. 25 (U. S. ) a day.The World Banks quarterly report showed that the food price index has increased by 29% in the past year and is close to the baksheesh reached in 2008, when soaring food prices sparked protests in dozens of countries. We are seeing this happen once again is countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and others. The result in the raised food prices is 44 million people living in dire poverty. This is about a 3% increase in the total number of people living in extreme poverty, which the World Bank calculates at about 1. billion. Israel can help countries who are having trouble with the food inflation. A strategy such as developing local markets and local communities so that people can grow their own food is one which Israel can help with. Some countries whitethorn even want to use the Israeli Kibbutz as a model if they so wish. With Israels grand technology, we can offer help in that department, and can help with many different topographical locations as Israel has many itself.

Chapter 12 Holt Ancient World History

Chapter 12 1. A) Justinian I was an emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He reformed the roman virtues by rearranging them and putting them in order. The revised law code called Justinians Code. B) Theodora influenced the nika revolt because she stood strong and convinced her king to do the same. C) Justinian could contain made his achievements by being more conscious of how much land his goernment could support when he was taking over the land to the west. 2. A) A mosaic is a piece of art comprised of small pieces of colored tile or glass. Mosaics were one of the most common types of Byzantine art.B) I believe that the iconoclasts responded the way they did to the human images because it seemed to them like the images were to goal to the non-Christian worship of an idols. C) The split between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church occurred because of their many differences the most classic of which was who in the church had the most power. 3. A) Under the Macedonian dynasty the Byzantine Empire enjoyed a 200 socio-economic class golden age. B) The split between the aristocracies of city and countryside was a problem because it caused them to fight within their empire which weekend them to removed attack.C) The statement, The Byzantines themselves, not the Turks, bear the greatest responsibility for the end of their empire, is completely true. Section 2 1. A) The Slavs asked for attend from the Rus to bring Order to their way of living and act as a kind of king. B) The accomplishments of Yaroslav the Wise atomic number 18 fact that he became ruler of Kiev Rus, He hired scribes to translate religious books from Greek to Slavic, and low his rule the Russian law was codified, and he helped regain territory that had been lost.C) The physical geography may lease affect the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Kievan Rus because since the where so close in that respect seems as if there might be some territorial issues. 2. A) Cyril And Methodi us converted Slavs to Christianity. B) Vladimir I impacted Russian Christianity by converting because marrying the sister of the Byzantine Emperor. He also built libraries, schools, and churches. then(prenominal) he made Christianity the state religion. C) I think back Christianity spread more in he city then the country side because cities have more people which means it was probably more promoted. 3. A) Alexander Nevsky was known as a Russian hero. Not only did he defeat the Swedes and the Teutonic Knights, he also was the Mongols vessel. B) I think Invasions from the outside caused more damage to the Kievan State then Internal problems because they always seemed to be under attack. First, being attacked from the east, Then the north and then being invaded again by the Teutonic Knights.Section 3 . A) Alfred the Great was the kind of Wessex. He helped defeat the Danish Invaders and joined forces with Anglo-Saxon England. He also compiled a code of laws and promoted learning. B) The Franks converted to Christianity because their leader, Clovis, swore that if they won the battle be could become a Christian. The Franks won, and all his troops followed in Cloviss footsteps. C) I think Western atomic number 63 broke apart probably because they didnt have a unifying leader. Everyone in that age wanted power to themselves. . A) Patrick spread Christianity throughout Ireland without giving a care how he was treated. By the time he died he achieved making almost all of Ireland Christian. B) Gregory the Great was a Roman Catholic pope. His major achievement was restoring monastic discipline, and was zealous in propagating Christianity. C) I think Christendom affect medieval Europe in a small way. It was just another society that promoted Christianity and its customs. 3. A) Life for a Celtic monastic is quiet and reserved.They liked to be isolated from the rest of society because they felt as though it would carry through them from being distracted from their fait h. They like to fast and spend days at a time in solitary contemplation. B) Benedictines and Celtic monasteries were similar because they some(prenominal) where groups of monks who were very dedicated and focused on their religion. They were also both led by Abbots. They are different from each other because the Benedictines were open to the public about their religion and were not as brutal then the Celtics.Celtics often did intense fasts and like to be isolated and away(predicate) from social activity. C) I think that the most significant thing that the Benedictines did was run schools that help educate and get to the Finest Minds of the Middle Ages. This led to smart people copying important ancient manuscripts to help keep the acquaintance of Greece and Rome alive. Without those manuscript, we probably would be reading this chapter and a big chunk of history would be undiscovered.

Suvey Unit 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suvey Unit 1 - Essay ExampleConsequently, the HRM subject grew into a profession in the early 1920s. Moreover, mankind resource practices have transformed and establishments have assigned monetary value as well as respecting employees. The evolution of HRM creates a linkage between employee employer relationships along with strategic management as the focus (Aswathappa 5-22).The role of HR professional as strategic partners to senior leadership entails the formulation and instruction execution of strategies. They make senior leadership highly effective by supplying committed and competent human resources as well as aligning them with the organizations resources. HR professionals orchestrate distinctive personalities, skills, motives and experiences of employees in facilitating interactions occurring within work teams. They also provide knowledge about the organization and tasks along with HRM goals, programmes and policies. Additionally, they create a suitable working environment a nd enhance the learning process among employees so as to improve operation (Aswathappa 38).The main specialty areas of HRM include employee and organizational development, employee relations, talent management, employee resourcing and, training and development. Employee development entails how value could be added to the organization and its employees whereas organizational development encompasses how skills could be obtained, developed and maintained needed by the organization both at present and in the future. Employee resourcing comprises how HR managers efficiently resource corporate strategies and the process of acquiring employees into the organization. Employee relations comprise processes, perceptions and institutions within the employer employee relationship (Connelly 13-23 Rowley and Jackson xix-xxxiii).HR generalist coordinates and administers programmes in all functional areas, advises line managers on HR matters and supervises the implementation of HR policies, as wel l as coordinating

Information mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information mangment - Essay ExampleAccording to Nonaka, Krogh and Voelpel (2006), judicatureal association instauration is the process of making available and amplifying fellowship created by individuals as well as crystallizing and connecting it with an organizations knowledge system. Studies have shown that creation of knowledge, retention as well as managing it is very authorized for the survival of the organization during the contemporary period as we move towards a digital economy (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). 1 way of generating knowledge in an organization is achieved done the use of learning. Learning in an organisation is oddly concerned with creating, acquiring and transforming knowledge and transforming this knowledge to improve the overall performance of the employees and the organization as a whole (Andriopoulos & Dawson 2009). Knowledge may be graphic and/or tacit, individual and/or collective. Basically, verbalized knowledge refers to details of processes that ha ve been codified and it often acts as a manual to mass with certain queries or problems in the organization while tacit knowledge is knowledge of experience (Polanyi, 1983). In as uttermost as tacit knowledge is concerned so the someone concerned uses his or her experience to deal with a certain problem. As noted above, knowledge is a business asset given that lots of organizations value mainly depends on their capacity to create and generate knowledge which put up be utilise to transform the operations of the organization during changing period. It is important for an organization to create knowledge and transfer it to separate employees since this can help oneself the whole organization. As illustrated in the model of knowledge creation and diffusion illustrated above, it can be seen that there be various techniques that can be used to transfer knowledge from ane person to the other in the organization. According to Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995), knowledge can be transferred t hrough the following strategies in the company tacit to tacit through socialization, tacit to explicit through a process of externalization, explicit to tacit through a process of internalization as well as explicit to explicit through a process of combination. Tacit knowledge can be transferred to tacit knowledge through the process of socialization. Basically, socialization is a process that loosely describes the way people in an organization are socialised or interact. Through interaction among employees in an organization, knowledge can be transferred from one person to the other. In this case, it is individual to individual where an experienced employee can impart his or her ideas and experience to the other employee who in any case can capitalise on this wealth of knowledge in his or her operations. Explicit to tacit knowledge can also be transferred through a process of internalization in the organization. Internal structures in the organization are created and these are mea nt to transform knowledge that is codified into actual experience that can help the employees to deal with different situations they may encounter in their operations. This process involves transfer of knowledge from the individual, group as well as organization. This helps to improve the overall performance of the employees as well as the organization a whole. The other strategy is tacit to explicit

Federalist and Antifederalist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federalist and Antifederalist - Essay ExampleThe rationale that underpins his argument is that the present Federal Government has proved to be inefficient and hence it is time for the lot to decide upon a new Constitution. Hamilton also argues though the arguments for a new Constitution are obvious and to repeat them would be superfluous, nonetheless he exhorts the plenty of New York to guard against malicious rumors against the same.The following quote from the Federalist Paper underlines this aspect of Hamiltons appeal to the people But the fact is, that we already hear it whispered in the private circles of those who oppose the new Constitution, that the thirteen States are of too great extent for any general system, and that we must of necessity resort to reissue confederacies of distinct portions of the whole (Hamilton, 1787). This is the same argument which was also built upon by the Anti-Federalists who pointed out on much than one occasion around the new Federal system b eing unwieldy and hence on that point is no need for a Federation per se.The point here is both sides of the debate were arguing about the necessity or otherwise of the proposed Federation and they were motivated by a strong desire not to accept the new Federation (Anti-Federalists) and an equally strong desire to have the new Federation as a route to all around prosperity (Federalists). While the anti-Federalists warned about the concentration of power in the hands of a few, the Federalists proposed the formation of a new system that would be powerful enough to get through their objectives of true Republican government.The motivation of the Federalists is quite clear. They wanted a strong Federation that would balance the require of the strong as well as the weak and protect the latter from excesses by the majority. However, the Anti-Federalists were quite unappeasable that such concentration of power would lead

Estoppel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Estoppel - Essay ExampleIf the separate party makes a decision based on the untruthful second statement and a typesetters case ensues, they can claim an estoppel in court against the plaintiff. In order for the estoppel to be considered valid, however, the defendant needs to process damages stemming from the untruthful statement.For example, if a landlord tells a popu late that he or she only owes half of the periodical rent because of repairs, the tenant can reasonably treat that as a statement of fact. He or she may write a check for half of the normal monthly rent and assume he or she is in good standing. If the landlord later decides to sue the tenant for non paying the entire sum up of the lease, the tenant may claim an estoppel in court. The landlords verbal agreement to accept half payment should necessitate been recognized as binding, even if the original lease was not changed. The tenant had a reasonable decently to change his rent payments based on a perceived trut h.An estoppel is more often than not a defensive move, not a first strike. The plaintiff in a case can claim a turning of reasons why the defendant should honour a contract or pay damages, for example. The defence must designate that the plaintiffs own statements go against established facts in order to claim an estoppel. There must also be evidence that the defendant based his actions strictly on the reliance of truth and that he suffered damages because of it. Enforcement of an estoppel is generally left up to the discretion of the individual judge hearing the case.TYPES OF ESTOPPELEquitable estoppelA type of estoppel that forbid a person from adopting a position in court those contradict his or her past statements or actions when that contradictory stance would be below the belt to another(prenominal) person who relied on the original position. For example, if a landlord agrees to forego a tenant to pay the rent ten days late for six months, it would be unfair to allow the landlord to bring a court action in the fourth month to evict the tenant for being a week late with the rent. The landlord would be estopped from asserting his right to evict the tenant for late payment of rent. Estoppel by deedA type of estoppel that prevents a person from denying the truth of anything that he or she stated in a deed, especially regarding who has valid ownership of the property. For example, mortal who grants a deed to factual estate before he actually owns the property cant later go back and undo the sales event for that reason if, say, the new owner strikes oil in the backyard.Estoppel by silenceA type of estoppel that prevents a person from asserting something when she had both the duty and the opportunity to speak up earlier, and her silence put another person at a disadvantage. For example, Edwards Roofing Company has the wrong address and begins ripping the roof from Bettys field by mistake. If Betty sees this but remains silent, she cannot wait until the new roof is installed and then refuse to pay, asserting that the induce was done without her agreement.Promissory estoppelA type of estoppel that prevents a person who made a promise from reneging when someone else has reasonably relied on the promise and will suffer a loss if the promise is broken. For example, Forrest tells Antonio to go frontwards and buy a boat without a beat back, because he will sell Antonio an old boat motor at a very reasonable price. If Antonio relies on Forrests

Trace the Roots of Conflict in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trace the Roots of Conflict in Iraq - Essay ExampleThe level of the statement is illustrated in the later part of the paper with adequate supporting evidences. Introduction to internationalist relationships Rules and regulations influence an in evident role in the development of a society. A productive output of a society witnesses successful adheres of rules and regulations. Thus, the system provides the base of an efficient society complementing productivity in a unruffled environment by following formulas commercially and individually. The development of society is closely interlinked with the development of business of an economy. The interrelatedness between the two in a microenvironment (Social, economical, political, technological) is that of a stake holder. Business is the keystone that supplements the development of a society and spares funds for necessary resources to permit the development and welfare of society. Hitherto, control of power through legislation enhances the capacity of conjunctional development for uniform advancement. The point of view is attempted to be illustrated with the help of diagram illustrated under Two way shared understanding of Legislation The reputation, innovation, competiveness and harvesting of society and business are dependent upon corporative adherence to legislation by the two. Imbalance of each unit washbasin cast massive ostracise impact on maturity of microenvironment. The contemporary era is a period of rapid international growth supporting the features of globalization resulting in constant evolution of traditional creations. Journalist Thomas L. Friedman, in The Lexus and the olive Tree defines globalization as (FRIEDMAN, Thomas L., 2000) the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed soonerin a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations, and nation-states farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before. The origin of the study of International relations aroused from the effects of the globalization such as pluralism and regional integration. Pluralism is the political philosophy which acknowledges diversity and supports methodological metropolitans. A society can be regarded as pluralistic on the basis of the fact multicultural human face of the country because of the residents of different tastes, values and beliefs. (HUI, John, 2011). The thought behind the formulation of the study of International Relations was to watch social constructivism based on human awareness rather than materialism. (JACKSON, Robert H., S?rensen, Georg, 2007). Hitherto, the theories of International Relations can be categorized into Realism, Idealism and Constructivism. The idea that resolves the scope of the three fields is the projection of the ground conce pt of power and its execution in the social world. Realism The school of scholars that support realism theory previews International relations as anarchical, which studies and propose model for distribution of power among states. (GRIFFITHS, Martin, 1999) Idealism The theory of idealism emphasizes on law and a law regulatory body that advocates the interdependency of the entities of common interest and values and derives boil down on common interests. Constructivism This theory states that every country have its dissimilar state based on political culture, policies and history.